一、浮動油封的概述

浮動油(you)(you)封(feng)誕生于上(shang)(shang)世紀五(wu)十年代后(hou)期，初用(yong)(yong)來(lai)取代推土機(ji)底盤上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)橡膠油(you)(you)封(feng)。原(yuan)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)橡膠油(you)(you)封(feng)因(yin)為泥沙(sha)的(de)(de)(de)浸(jin)泡、磨損(sun)和(he)腐蝕，損(sun)壞的(de)(de)(de)非常快。而(er)浮動油(you)(you)封(feng)是針對(dui)這(zhe)樣惡(e)劣的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作環境而(er)設計的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種結構緊(jin)湊(cou)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)械密封(feng)裝置，能(neng)夠在(zai)(zai)防(fang)止(zhi)潤(run)滑油(you)(you)外(wai)泄的(de)(de)(de)同時阻止(zhi)外(wai)部泥水、沙(sha)土等(deng)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)物(wu)侵(qin)入設備內(nei)部。其結構簡單，耐(nai)(nai)污(wu)(wu)、耐(nai)(nai)磨、耐(nai)(nai)振動、竄動、擺動和(he)沖擊，工(gong)作可靠，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命長，維護方便(bian)，現(xian)在(zai)(zai)已廣泛使(shi)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)各種工(gong)程機(ji)械及礦山(shan)機(ji)械上(shang)(shang)。

可用于(yu):滾(gun)筒、齒輪(lun)(lun)減速、履帶(dai)式車輛的前怠輪(lun)(lun)及后馭動(dong);輪(lun)(lun)式拖(tuo)拉機(ji)(ji)、分級機(ji)(ji)、鏟(chan)機(ji)(ji)、耕地機(ji)(ji)、挖溝機(ji)(ji)及平土(tu)機(ji)(ji);越野卡(ka)車、鉆機(ji)(ji)、液(ye)壓挖掘機(ji)(ji)、輸送機(ji)(ji)、混凝(ning)土(tu)攪拌機(ji)(ji)、瀝青廠、采礦設備(bei)、破碎機(ji)(ji)械、割草機(ji)(ji)及干草打包(bao)機(ji)(ji)。

二、浮動油封的工(gong)作原(yuan)理

浮(fu)動(dong)油封(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)結(jie)構一(yi)(yi)般由(you)一(yi)(yi)對耐磨的(de)金屬環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)一(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)浮(fu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)和(he)一(yi)(yi)對橡膠(jiao)(jiao)圈組成，裝(zhuang)配在(zai)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體一(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)浮(fu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)座(zuo)內(nei)使用。浮(fu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)是(shi)動(dong)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)主體元件，相(xiang)互對合并相(xiang)對旋轉摩擦。橡膠(jiao)(jiao)圈裝(zhuang)配與浮(fu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)背部與浮(fu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)座(zuo)之(zhi)問(wen)，將浮(fu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)定位在(zai)浮(fu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)座(zuo)內(nei)。橡膠(jiao)(jiao)圈不僅為(wei)輔助靜密封(feng)(feng)(feng)元件，而且對浮(fu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)產生軸向和(he)徑(jing)向的(de)作用力(li)。徑(jing)向作用力(li)起到向浮(fu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)傳遞扭矩的(de)作用，軸向作用力(li)對浮(fu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)提供必須的(de)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)補(bu)(bu)償力(li)，由(you)于(yu)其(qi)彈性補(bu)(bu)償范圍大，可以忽略一(yi)(yi)定的(de)裝(zhuang)配誤差(cha)，在(zai)設備發生振動(dong)、竄動(dong)、擺動(dong)時，能保持金屬環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)面的(de)有效(xiao)貼合，達到浮(fu)動(dong)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)效(xiao)果。

三、浮動(dong)油封的常見設計結構及用途

浮(fu)動油(you)封常(chang)見的設計結構(gou)有A型和B型，以及其它特殊設計。

A型浮(fu)動油(you)封(feng)(feng)(feng)應(ying)用(yong)為廣泛，各種工(gong)程機(ji)(ji)械行走(zou)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)的(de)(de)驅動輪(lun)、導向(xiang)輪(lun)、支(zhi)重輪(lun)、鏈托輪(lun)、以及車輪(lun)輪(lun)毅(yi)、減速機(ji)(ji)、螺桿輸送(song)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)等旋轉密封(feng)(feng)(feng)處都可以使用(yong)。它由一對錐形浮(fu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)和(he)一對O型圈組成，裝配在內腔也呈錐面的(de)(de)浮(fu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)座里。浮(fu)動油(you)封(feng)(feng)(feng)壓緊時，根據安裝問隙A的(de)(de)不(bu)同，O型圈壓縮量隨之變(bian)化(hua)(hua)，浮(fu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)面的(de)(de)接觸比壓也相應(ying)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)，以適(shi)應(ying)不(bu)同密封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)境的(de)(de)需要。

浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)背部錐(zhui)(zhui)面(mian)(mian)角度(du)一般(ban)為(wei)(wei)15°或20°設(she)計(ji)，針(zhen)對不(bu)同(tong)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)需要也有(you)8°或其(qi)他角度(du)的(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)。15°或20°的(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)使浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)獲得(de)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)接(jie)觸(chu)比(bi)壓(ya)，以(yi)應對較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)內部操作壓(ya)力以(yi)及阻(zu)止外界污(wu)染(ran)物侵入。8°的(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)使浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)獲得(de)比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)均勻的(de)(de)接(jie)觸(chu)比(bi)壓(ya)，適應于存在外部壓(ya)力及振(zhen)動(dong)的(de)(de)工況。與(yu)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)對應，浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)座內腔錐(zhui)(zhui)面(mian)(mian)角度(du)一般(ban)為(wei)(wei)10°設(she)計(ji)，也有(you)12°,15°等其(qi)他角度(du)的(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)。合(he)(he)理(li)的(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)使裝(zhuang)配好的(de)(de)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)油封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)在保證要求的(de)(de)安裝(zhuang)問隙A的(de)(de)條件下(xia)，浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)接(jie)觸(chu)比(bi)壓(ya)達(da)到(dao)0.4~0.6MPa之(zhi)問，適用(yong)(yong)(yong)與(yu)大(da)多數場合(he)(he)的(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)。并(bing)且過大(da)的(de)(de)接(jie)觸(chu)比(bi)壓(ya)達(da)，會導致浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)過度(du)發熱(re)并(bing)燒傷，甚(shen)至燒壞與(yu)之(zhi)接(jie)觸(chu)的(de)(de)橡膠(jiao)O型(xing)圈(quan)。為(wei)(wei)保證壓(ya)縮的(de)(de)橡膠(jiao)O型(xing)圈(quan)能傳遞足夠(gou)的(de)(de)扭矩而(er)不(bu)打滑(hua)，需要浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)背錐(zhui)(zhui)面(mian)(mian)與(yu)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)座的(de)(de)內錐(zhui)(zhui)面(mian)(mian)有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)表面(mian)(mian)粗糙度(du)，一般(ban)要求達(da)到(dao)Ra6.3~12.5um, A型(xing)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)油封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)座有(you)時因為(wei)(wei)難于加工，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)配套(tao)的(de)(de)成型(xing)座套(tao)。

浮(fu)(fu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)設計(ji)分為平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)型(xing)和球(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)型(xing)。平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)型(xing)較(jiao)為通(tong)用。球(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)型(xing)分為單球(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)和雙球(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)兩(liang)種。球(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)型(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)特點是接觸時可(ke)確(que)保(bao)形成閉(bi)合的(de)圓形密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)線。實際(ji)在軸向力(li)(li)的(de)作用下，浮(fu)(fu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)發生輕(qing)微形變(bian)，接觸區(qu)域形成很窄的(de)環(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)可(ke)靠性高(gao)，散熱(re)性能(neng)好(hao)。并隨(sui)磨損程(cheng)度(du)的(de)加大，浮(fu)(fu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)繼續變(bian)形，使(shi)接觸面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)不(bu)斷(duan)向內(nei)側偏(pian)移(yi)，直(zhi)到抵達密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)內(nei)徑，延長了浮(fu)(fu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)的(de)使(shi)用壽命。浮(fu)(fu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)從密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)到內(nei)徑的(de)區(qu)域一(yi)般采(cai)用階(jie)梯式(shi)、內(nei)錐面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(斜面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian))或內(nei)球(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)式(shi)設計(ji)。內(nei)錐面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(斜面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian))或內(nei)球(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)式(shi)設計(ji)的(de)好(hao)處是使(shi)潤(run)滑油通(tong)過離心力(li)(li)和毛細作用，進入(ru)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，保(bao)證密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)充(chong)分潤(run)滑和冷卻。對(dui)于整體硬化(hua)的(de)浮(fu)(fu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)，理(li)論上接觸密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)可(ke)以一(yi)直(zhi)向內(nei)偏(pian)移(yi)至浮(fu)(fu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)內(nei)徑處。

B型(xing)浮動(dong)(dong)油封(feng)是針對高負載設備設計(ji)的(de)，常用于(yu)各種重(zhong)型(xing)采刁’一設備易發(fa)生(sheng)較(jiao)大振竄(cuan)、沖擊的(de)部位，如采煤(mei)設備搖(yao)臂、鏈輪(lun)、減速機等。它由一對截面為L形(xing)的(de)浮封(feng)環和一對膠圈(quan)(橡膠碟(die)形(xing)彈簧(huang))組成，裝配(pei)在(zai)L形(xing)浮封(feng)座內，原(yuan)理與A型(xing)相似(si)。由于(yu)膠圈(quan)的(de)變形(xing)能(neng)力大于(yu)O型(xing)圈(quan)，因此可以提供更大的(de)浮動(dong)(dong)范圍。另外L形(xing)浮封(feng)座也(ye)易于(yu)加(jia)工，B型(xing)浮動(dong)(dong)油封(feng)的(de)裝配(pei)也(ye)較(jiao)為方(fang)便。